Nouns can act as the subject of a sentence (i.e., the person or thing performing the action) or as the object of a verb (i.e., the person or thing affected by the action). Some grammarians consider articles, quantifiers, and numerals to also be parts of speech.A noun is a word that refers to a person, concept, place, or thing. Some words ( adjectives, adverbs, interjections, nouns, verbs) are productive classes allowing new members others, with functional rather than lexical meaning ( articles, conjunctions, prepositions) are nonproductive and have a limited number of members. Interjections express feeling or command attention, either alone or in a sentence, e.g., darn, hey, oh, wow.There are coordinating conjunctions that link words, clauses, or phrases of equal importance, and there are subordinating conjunctions that introduce subordinate clauses and link them to main clauses. Conjunctions link words, clauses, and phrases.Prepositions relate nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence, e.g., about, at, down, for, of, with.Adverbs describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, e.g., almost, gently, helpfully, someday.Adjectives describe or modify nouns or pronouns, e.g., gentle, helpful, small.Verbs express actions, occurrences, or states of being, e.g., be, become, bunt, inflate, run.Pronouns usually substitute for nouns and function as nouns, e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they, myself, this, that, who, which, everyone.Nouns name persons, places, things, ideas, or qualities, e.g., Franklin, boy, Yangtze River, shoreline, Bible, desk, fear, happiness.

What are the eight parts of speech